Population
Domestic mammals (specifically dogs and horses)
Design
Review
Authors
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Supports recognizing vagal arrhythmias as normal variants in dogs and horses; leaves open prospective validation across species.
Many spontaneous arrhythmias and conduction disturbances in domestic animals like dogs and horses are normal variants driven by high vagal tone rather than primary heart disease.
James W. Buchanan (1965) studied this question.
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