Key result
Moderate physical activity is linked to ~50% lower risk of mental health hospitalisation in cardiometabolic disease.
Why the study?
The study explored associations between individual-level and neighbourhood-level indices of active living and inpatient mental healthcare use among adults with chronic cardiometabolic conditions.
Does individual physical activity and/or a favourable neighbourhood active living environment reduce mental illness hospitalisation in adults with cardiometabolic disease?
Cohort (n=24,960)
Does individual physical activity and/or a favourable neighbourhood active living environment reduce mental illness hospitalisation in adults with cardiometabolic disease?
Hazard Ratio: 0.5 (95% CI 0.38–0.65)
Absolute Event Rate: 4.8% vs 11.1%
p-value: p=<0.01
Individual leisure-time physical activity, but not neighbourhood active living environments, is independently associated with a significantly reduced risk of mental illness hospitalisation among adults with underlying cardiometabolic diseases.
Supports targeting individual activity in cardiometabolic care; hypothesis-generating and leaves open neighbourhood effects pending trials.
OBJECTIVES: This population-based observational study explores the associations between individual-level and neighbourhood-level indices of active living with inpatient mental healthcare use among adults with an underlying chronic cardiometabolic condition. DESIGN AND SETTING: Data from the 2013-2014 Canadian Community Health Survey were linked longitudinally to hospital records from the 2013/2014‒2017/2018 Discharge Abstract Database and to a geocoded measure of active living environments (ALE). Relationships between individuals' leisure-time physical activity and neighbourhood ALE with risk of hospital admission for mental health disorders were assessed using multivariable Cox regressions. PARTICIPANTS: A national cohort was identified from the survey data of 24 960 respondents aged 35 years and above reporting having been diagnosed with diabetes, hypertension and/or heart disease. OUTCOME MEASURE: Potentially avoidable hospitalisation for a mood, anxiety or substance use disorder over a 5-year period. RESULTS: More than half (52%) of adults aged 35 years and above with a cardiometabolic disease were physically inactive in their daily lives, and one-third (34%) resided in the least activity-friendly neighbourhoods. The rate of being hospitalised at least once for a comorbid mental disorder averaged 8.1 (95% CI: 7.0 to 9.3) per 1000 person-years of exposure. Individuals who were at least moderately active were half as likely to be hospitalised for a comorbid mental health problem compared with those who were inactive (HR: 0.50 (95% CI: 0.38 to 0.65)). No statistically discernible associations between neighbourhood ALE and hospitalisation risks were found after controlling for individuals' behaviours and characteristics, including in separate models stratified by age group and by sex. CONCLUSIONS: The evidence base to support prioritisation of interventions focusing on the built environment favouring mental health-promoting physical activity among higher-risk adults at the population level, independently of individual-level behaviours and characteristics, remains limited.
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Gupta et al. (2023) conducted a cohort in Cardiometabolic disease (diabetes, hypertension, and/or heart disease) (n=24,960). At least moderate leisure-time physical activity vs. Physical inactivity was evaluated on First hospitalisation for a mood, anxiety, or substance use disorder (HR 0.50, 95% CI 0.38-0.65, p=<0.01). Among adults with a cardiometabolic condition, being at least moderately physically active was associated with a 50% reduced risk of mental health hospitalisation compared to being inactive, whereas neighbourhood active living environment had no significant independent association.
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