Key result
Among patients with type II diabetes, depressive symptoms affected 52.1% and diabetes-related distress affected 22.8%, with both associated with increased HbA1c and low physical activity.
Why the study?
Diabetes-related distress, depressive symptoms, and hypoglycemia fears pose substantial psychosocial burdens, but their interconnections among Saudi diabetic patients remain incompletely understood.
Cross-Sectional (n=365)
No
There is a high prevalence of depressive symptoms and diabetes-related distress among Saudi patients with type II diabetes, which is strongly correlated with poor glycemic control, low physical activity, and medical comorbidities.
High prevalence of depressive symptoms and distress in type 2 diabetes supports screening consideration; hypothesis-generating for effects on glycemic control.
Background: Diabetes is associated with a range of psychosocial stressors that could lead to considerable distress and increased risk of depressive symptoms. There is a pressing need to understand the underpinnings of diabetes-related distress and how it evolves in connection with depressive moods, and fears related to hypoglycaemia. Our current study attempts to fill this knowledge gap and further explore the interconnections between distress, fear, and depression among Saudi diabetic patients. Methods: Descriptive questionnaire-based cross-sectional study of type II diabetes patients in a specialist diabetes clinic in Taif, Saudi Arabia. We carried out Poisson regression modelling to evaluate the correlates of depressive and distress symptoms. Results: The study included ( n = 365) patients living with type II diabetes. Cronbach’s alpha for the DDS-17 was 0.93, and for HABS was 0.84, indicative of excellent internal consistency. Diabetes-related distress affected ( n = 114, 22.8%) patients, whereas depressive symptoms affected ( n = 190, 52.1%) patients. The mean HABS score was 32.7 points (out of 70 points) (SD = 9.8 points). High physical activity levels were found only in ( n = 23, 6.3%) patients and moderate physical activity in ( n = 65, 17.8%), whereas patients with low physical activity were ( n = 277, 75.9%). Diabetes-related distress was associated with increased HbA1c, presence of eye disease, comorbid mental illness, heart disease, stroke, and low physical activity levels. Depressive symptoms were associated with increased HbA1c, longer diabetes duration, presence of eye disease, comorbid mental illness, comorbid neuropathy, heart disease, and low physical activity levels. Conclusions: Distress and depression levels are worryingly higher than previous estimates from Saudi Arabia among patients with type II diabetes, indicative of an upward trend and/or a pandemic-related jump. One significant finding from our results is the substantial effect of glycaemic control on increased distress, and depression among our type II diabetes patients. This interaction is likely due to effects on self-care and medication adherence. We also confirmed the association between depressive symptoms and the duration of diabetes. Our results indicated a connection between comorbid medical illness with depressive and distress symptoms.
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Alosaimi et al. (2022) conducted a cross-sectional in Type II diabetes (n=365). Clinical and demographic factors (e.g., HbA1c, physical activity, comorbidities) was evaluated on Prevalence and correlates of diabetes-related distress and depressive symptoms. Among patients with type II diabetes, depressive symptoms affected 52.1% and diabetes-related distress affected 22.8%, with both associated with increased HbA1c and low physical activity.
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