Key result
Various classes of medications, including beta-blockers, ACE inhibitors, and aldosterone antagonists, have been studied and found effective for treating NYHA class IV heart failure.
This review summarizes the evidence base for various pharmacologic therapies in the management of advanced (NYHA class IV) heart failure.
Supports GDMT in NYHA IV HF; leaves open optimal sequencing and dedicated RCTs.
As the incidence of heart failure increases, the number of patients with advanced heart failure is anticipated to grow. Substantial progress in the treatment of heart failure has been achieved over the past few decades. Several classes of medications have been studied and found effective, including beta-blockers, angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors or angiotensin receptor blockers, aldosterone antagonists, vasodilators, digoxin, and inotropes. The evidence base for the use of these medications in the treatment of patients with New York Heart Association (NYHA) class IV heart failure is reviewed.
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Caccamo et al. (2011) conducted a review in New York Heart Association (NYHA) class IV heart failure. Pharmacologic therapy (beta-blockers, ACE inhibitors, ARBs, aldosterone antagonists, vasodilators, digoxin, and inotropes) was evaluated. Various classes of medications, including beta-blockers, ACE inhibitors, and aldosterone antagonists, have been studied and found effective for treating NYHA class IV heart failure.
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