Identification of the metabolic remodeling profile in the early-stage of myocardial ischemia and the contributory role of mitochondrion

Figures

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  Figure 1.. Electrocardiogram (ECG). (a) Before ligation; (b) After ligation. The ST-segment elevated dramatically than that of before ligation.

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  Figure 2.. D-LDH and CK-MB levels in the acute MI group. (a) Comparison of D-LDH between the two groups; (b) Comparison of CK-MB between the two groups. No differences of D-LDH and CK-MB levels between the groups.

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  Figure 3.. Mitochondrion morphology observed by TEM. The ultrastructure changes of the 15 min-ligation mitochondria are depicted in Figure 3. (a) Sham group; (b) acute MI group: dissolution of the outer membrane (red arrow), the ruptured or disappeared cristae (black arrow). The magnification is 10 000. Scale bar = 1 μm.

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  Figure 4.. Measurements of mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) levels. *P < 0.05, compared with the Sham group.

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  Figure 5.. Multivariate statistical analysis of metabolic profiling of myocardial tissue and mitochondria in acute MI mice. Principal component analysis (PCA) score plot in myocardium (a) and mitochondria (b); orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA) score plot in myocardium (c) and mitochondria (d); statistical validation of the established OPLS-DA model with permutation analysis in myocardium (e) and mitochondria (f).

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  Figure 6.. Hierarchical cluster analysis heat map of differential metabolites between groups in the myocardium (a) and mitochondria (b). Red indicates up-regulation, and blue indicates down-regulation. The columns and rows represent experimental samples and metabolites, respectively.

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  Figure 7.. Enrichment analyses of common differential metabolites in the myocardium (a) and mitochondria (b) in Sham and acute MI groups after acute MI. Each bubble represents a metabolic pathway. The abscissa and size of the bubble represent the size of the influencing factor in the topological analysis. The larger the size, the larger the influencing factor. The ordinate and bubble color represent the P-value of enrichment analysis (considering the negative natural logarithm, i.e., −log10 (P-value)). The redder the color, the smaller the P-value, the greater the significance of the corresponding KEGG pathway enrichment.

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  Figure 8.. Venn diagram of perturbed metabolites (a) and metabolic pathways (b) in the myocardium and mitochondria after acute MI.