Reflected and minor phases in records of near-by earthquakes in southern California*

The present paper is a direct continuation of a recent paper (Gutenberg, 1944a) which the author has discussed travel times of the major P and S phases recorded near-by stations for fifty southern California earthquakes. To facilitate the present of phases complicated by refraction and reflection, thorough was given to the partition of energy into the various reflected and waves at discontinuities and to the ratio of ground displacements to the amplitudes at the surface of the earth (Gutenberg, 1944b). This seems since the number of theoretically possible phases to be expected is very , considering the four layers in the earth's crust; consequently, any calculated can be "verified" by using small impulses to be found on most seismograms. , clearly recognizable phases should be used in such investigations, and calculated travel times for waves with amplitudes theoretically large enough be conspicuous.