Diagnosis and Treatment Pathway for Eosinophilic Granulomatosis with Polyangiitis in the Allergy Department

Eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis (EGPA) is a rare and heterogeneous autoimmune disease involving multiple organs and systems, characterized by asthma, eosinophilia, and granulomatous or vasculitic involvement of several organs. Most of the initial symptoms include rhinitis, sinusitis, and asthma. The primary consultation departments are typically allergy, otolaryngology, and respiratory. EGPA lacks effective biomarkers for early diagnosis, and most patients have experienced serious multiple organ damage at the time of diagnosis, which makes it more difficult to treat. Therefore, as an allergist, improving the understanding of EGPA, especially the early identification of EGPA in the rhinitis, asthma, or sinusitis stage, will effectively shorten the overall course of EGPA and reduce the mortality and disability rates. Based on this, the author compiled a diagnosis and treatment pathway to outline the clinical manifestations; examination, diagnosis, and treatment pathways; differential diagnosis; disease management; and other aspects of EGPA in the allergic department, aiming to promote early detection, identification, and diagnosis by allergists.