The Efficacy of Mumijo Extract in Protecting Against Amoxicillin/Clavulanate-Induced Apoptotic Damage in Renal Tissues of Rats.

BACKGROUND: Amoxicillin/Clavulanate (A/C) is a widely used antibiotic that can induce oxidative stress and renal apoptosis through reactive oxygen species (ROS). Mumijo extract (PS), known for its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, has shown promise in mitigating such damage. This study aims to evaluate the efficacy of PS in protecting against A/C-induced renal tissue damage in rats. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study included 28 Wistar albino rats, divided into four groups: Sham (saline), A/C (10 mg/kg/day), PS (100 mg/kg/day), and A/C+PS. A/C and PS were administered orally for 21 days. Renal function markers (urea, creatinine), oxidative stress parameters (TAS, TOS, MDA), and histopathological findings were analyzed. Bax and Bcl-2 protein expressions were assessed to evaluate apoptosis. RESULTS: A/C administration significantly increased renal urea, creatinine, TOS, and MDA levels while reducing TAS. Histopathological analysis revealed tubular dilatation, degeneration, and inflammation in the A/C group. PS supplementation in the A/C+PS group significantly reduced oxidative stress markers and improved TAS levels, histopathological scores, and apoptosis indicators (increased Bcl-2 and reduced Bax expressions). PS alone demonstrated no adverse effects on renal parameters. CONCLUSION: Mumijo extract effectively mitigates A/C-induced oxidative stress and renal apoptosis, preserving tissue integrity and function. These findings suggest PS as a potential therapeutic agent for managing drug-induced nephrotoxicity.