What question did this study set out to answer?

This study aims to create and validate a curriculum model that integrates sustainability into technical and vocational education and training.

Design and validation of a green curriculum model for technical and vocational education (a mixed‐methods study)

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Mixed-methods study develops a green curriculum model for TVET, suggesting actionable sustainable education frameworks.

This study aims to create and validate a curriculum model that integrates sustainability into technical and vocational education and training.
Exploratory sequential mixed-methods design.
Qualitative phase involved literature synthesis and policy review to identify key components of a green curriculum.
Quantitative phase used a questionnaire with 10 components and 47 items to validate the model, administered to 242 TVET instructors.
All questionnaire items had significant factor loadings above 0.60.
Second-order confirmatory factor analysis confirmed the ten-component structure of the model.
Fit indices showed satisfactory alignment between the model and data, indicating robust structural validity.

Keyhan et al. (2026) studied this question.

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