What does this research mean for the field?

Outdoor and virtual reality environments significantly enhance flow experience, improve mood states, and distinctly alter neural activation patterns during moderate-intensity cycling compared to standard indoor environments. Novelty: ClaimNovelty.INCREMENTAL. Consensus alignment: ConsensusAlignment.NEUTRAL.

What question did this study set out to answer?

This study aims to understand how different environmental contexts affect flow experience, mood states, and brain activity during cycling.

June 7, 2026International Journal of Mental Health PromotionOpen Access

Environmental Modulation of Flow, Mood States, and Brain Waves during Moderate-Intensity Cycling

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Authors

JLJonghwa Lee YKYoungho Kim

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Overview

Randomized trial investigates environmental effects on flow experience and mood during cycling, suggesting implications for exercise guidelines.

Key Points

This study aims to understand how different environmental contexts affect flow experience, mood states, and brain activity during cycling.
Conducted a randomized trial with 46 healthy participants who cycled for 300 seconds in indoor, outdoor, and virtual reality environments.
Utilized Flow State Scale (FSS) for flow assessment, Profile of Mood States (POMS) for mood evaluation, and collected EEG data.
Performed repeated-measures ANOVA and Bonferroni-adjusted tests to analyze differences between conditions.
Flow experience significantly increased in outdoor and VR conditions compared to indoor (p < 0.001).
All POMS subscales indicated better mood states in outdoor and VR conditions versus indoor (p < 0.001).
Significant differences in EEG activity for theta, alpha, and gamma bands; theta power was greatest outdoors, while gamma power was highest in VR (p < 0.001).

Cite This Study

Lee et al. (2026) studied this question.

synapsesocial.com/papers/6a250b8b7def13d035e1b95e https://doi.org/10.32604/ijmhp.2026.081241

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June 7, 2026International Journal of Mental Health PromotionOpen Access

Environmental Modulation of Flow, Mood States, and Brain Waves during Moderate-Intensity Cycling

View Full Paper

Ask AI

Bookmark

Authors

JLJonghwa Lee YKYoungho Kim

Discussion

Member takes

Overview

Randomized trial investigates environmental effects on flow experience and mood during cycling, suggesting implications for exercise guidelines.

Key Points

This study aims to understand how different environmental contexts affect flow experience, mood states, and brain activity during cycling.
Conducted a randomized trial with 46 healthy participants who cycled for 300 seconds in indoor, outdoor, and virtual reality environments.
Utilized Flow State Scale (FSS) for flow assessment, Profile of Mood States (POMS) for mood evaluation, and collected EEG data.
Performed repeated-measures ANOVA and Bonferroni-adjusted tests to analyze differences between conditions.
Flow experience significantly increased in outdoor and VR conditions compared to indoor (p < 0.001).
All POMS subscales indicated better mood states in outdoor and VR conditions versus indoor (p < 0.001).
Significant differences in EEG activity for theta, alpha, and gamma bands; theta power was greatest outdoors, while gamma power was highest in VR (p < 0.001).

Cite This Study

Lee et al. (2026) studied this question.

synapsesocial.com/papers/6a250b8b7def13d035e1b95e https://doi.org/10.32604/ijmhp.2026.081241

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