Introduction and Objective: Nutrition and lifestyle interventions are central to diabetes management, and studies have demonstrated their effectiveness in improving diabetes outcomes. This review aimed at identifying intervention components, delivery settings, and durations that are likely to produce improved clinical outcomes for diabetes individuals Methods: A comprehensive literature search was conducted across 5 electronic databases (MEDLINE, Scopus, Web of Science, CINAHL, and ClinicalTrials.gov). Study selection and data extraction were independently performed on participant demographics, location, study design, intervention components and frequency, delivery models, duration, and effects on glycemic and anthropometric outcomes. Results: Forty-two studies originating from 20 states revealed that adults with type 2 diabetes benefited from a wide range of nutritional and lifestyle interventions, with the most consistent effects seen for weight reduction ranging from 4 to10% loss at 6-12 months and modest HbA1c improvements (0.2-0.8 percentage points), especially in longer interventions that combined dietary modification with structured physical activity. The nutrition-focused interventions (n=18, 43%), which cover specific foods, dietary patterns, food-as-medicine and grocery programs, and dietitian-led MNT reported changes in HbA1c but were often not sustained. The combined nutrition and lifestyle/behavioral programs (n=24, 57%), especially those delivered in group or community settings, showed a significant reduction in clinical outcomes at 6 months, but these differences diminished by 12-18 months post-intervention. Conclusion: Nutrition and lifestyle interventions can produce meaningful short-term improvements in glycemic and weight control. However, these benefits become non-significant by the second year post-intervention, underscoring the need for intervention reinforcement and sustained follow-up to maintain long-term impact Disclosure O. Leshi: None. E.O. Owolabi: None. B.L. Smalls: None.
Leshi et al. (Fri,) studied this question.