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June 7, 2026International Journal of Advanced Computer Science and ApplicationsOpen Access

Gas-Efficient Smart Contract Design: Quantifying Refactoring Impact on EVM Execution Costs

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Authors

NWNur Haliza Abdul WahabJFJuniardi Nur FadilaSepuluh Nopember Institute of TechnologyNRNur Faszha Razali

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Implication

Randomized trial quantifies the impact of smart contract refactoring on gas usage in Ethereum DApps, suggesting efficiency improvements.

Key Points

  • Quantify the impact of manual smart contract refactoring on gas usage and execution costs in Ethereum-based DApps.
  • Conducted controlled empirical research in a simulated environment using Remix IDE and Go-Ethereum (Geth) node connected to Sepolia Testnet.
  • Analyzed high-cost storage operations using opcode-level transaction traces from debug_traceTransaction.
  • Implemented a structured refactoring plan focusing on packing variables and optimizing data locations.
  • Achieved gas reductions of up to 40.68% for storage-intensive functions and an average reduction of 28.5% across all test cases.
  • Showed that unnecessary storage writes could be minimized without affecting functional performance.
  • Confirmed that storage-aware manual refactoring can improve runtime efficiency for Layer-1 smart contracts.

Cite This Study

Wahab et al. (2026) studied this question.

synapsesocial.com/papers/6a250c687def13d035e1c8ffhttps://doi.org/10.14569/ijacsa.2026.0170561
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