High-efficient and fast-response thermal management by heterogeneous integration of diamond on interposer-based 2.5D chiplets

Interposer-based 2.5D chiplets integration has emerged as a crucial technology for high-performance chip packaging and has played a pivotal role in advancements of artificial intelligence (AI) in recent years. However, the rapid increase in packaging and power density of 2.5D interposers presents significant challenges for thermal management. This study proposes a thermal management strategy for interposer-based 2.5D chiplets through the heterogeneous integration of a diamond heat spreader, demonstrating high efficiency and fast response. Both single-chip and multi-chiplet scenarios are evaluated to assess the cooling effectiveness of diamond heat spreader. The effects of power density, chip thickness, chiplet spacing, and structural configuration on thermal management are analyzed. The results demonstrate the superior thermal performance of the diamond-integrated structure, which reduces the maximum junction temperature by over 20 °C under high power density. The thermal impedance of the proposed structure is approximately 0.023 °C/W, which is significantly lower than the reported values. Furthermore, the proposed structure exhibits a rapid transient response and enhances thermal management under pulsed heat conditions. This research offers new insights and effective solutions for thermal management in advanced chiplets packaging.