Seroprevalence of Hepatitis B and C Viral Infections Among Patients With Diabetes Mellitus in Africa: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Background Hepatitis B virus (HBV), hepatitis C virus (HCV), and diabetes mellitus are major global public health concerns associated with significant morbidity and mortality. However, there is no pooled evidence on the seroprevalence of HBV and HCV among diabetic patients in Africa. This study aimed to estimate the pooled seroprevalence and associated factors. Methods A systematic search of PubMed, Google Scholar, the Cochrane Library, and African Journals Online was conducted to identify relevant studies published from May 2012 to July 2025. Heterogeneity and publication bias were assessed using I 2 and Egger's test, respectively. A DerSimonian-Laird random-effects model was used to estimate pooled prevalence, with sensitivity analysis performed. Results Among African diabetic patients, pooled HBV prevalence was 5.19%, while HCV prevalence was 11.34%. Multiple sexual partners increased HBV risk, whereas blood transfusion and prior hospitalization were associated with HCV. Conclusion HBV and HCV infections remain important public health concerns among patients with diabetes mellitus in Africa. Strengthening screening, vaccination, infection control, safe transfusion practices, and risk reduction education is essential.