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June 8, 2026Emerging Microbes & InfectionsOpen Access

Compartmentalized cytokine networks and systemic immune remodelling in bovine mammary H5N1 infection.

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Authors

GSGagandeep SinghKCKonner CoolSGShristi Ghimire

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Overview

Randomized trial investigates immune responses in Jersey cows following intramammary H5N1 infection, indicating systemic immune changes.

Key Points

  • This study aims to explore the immune dynamics in dairy cattle following H5N1 infection, focusing on cytokine responses and systemic changes.
  • Conducted intramammary H5N1 challenge in Jersey cows during the early dry-off period.
  • Integrated cytokine and chemokine profiles from alveoli and teat cistern with leukocyte dynamics.
  • Analyzed specific antibody responses to H5N1 over time.
  • Infection led to quarter-restricted, monophasic inflammatory networks peaking at 3-7 days post-infection.
  • Coordinated myeloid expansion and activation of IFN-γ-competent lymphocytes were observed.
  • Antibody titres increased across quarters during the infection period.

Cite This Study

Singh et al. (2026) studied this question.

synapsesocial.com/papers/6a265ce5ad53cfb9357c627chttps://doi.org/10.1080/22221751.2026.2686469
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Also Consider

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  1. 1536 Immunopathogenesis of Avian Influenza in the mammalian mammary gland2026
  2. 2Mammary Gland Tropism and Milk-Mediated Transmission of H5N1 in Dairy Cattle: Implications for One Health Surveillance2026
  3. 3Bovine mammary tissues are susceptible to infection by viruses bearing panzootic H5N1 influenza A virus glycoproteins2026
  4. 4Experimental reproduction of viral replication and disease in dairy calves and lactating cows inoculated with highly pathogenic avian influenza H5N1 clade 2.3.4.4b2024 · 27 citations
  5. 5Beyond H5N1: Influenza A virus infection in bovine udder organoids2026