This paper proposes a single-ended fault location method using improved extended spectrum time-domain reflectometry for multi-branch distribution networks. The method analyses self-modulated square waves to calculate the fault distance from waveform differences, screens intervals via depth-first search, and identifies the fault branch by comparing Prony-fitted attenuation factors. Simulations on an IEEE 33-node system demonstrate accurate localisation under varying transition resistances and grounding configurations.
Huang et al. (Mon,) studied this question.