Alzheimer's Disease: Pathogenesis, Clinical Manifestations, Early Diagnosis, and Emerging Therapeutic Approaches

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the most common cause of dementia and represents a major global health challenge due to the aging population. It is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder characterized by cognitive decline, memory impairment, behavioral disturbances, and loss of functional independence. The disease develops gradually over many years before clinical symptoms become apparent, making early diagnosis particularly important. Although the exact etiology remains incompletely understood, advances in neuroscience have significantly improved our understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying the disease. This article reviews the pathogenesis of Alzheimer’s disease, discusses its clinical manifestations, highlights current approaches to early diagnosis, and examines emerging therapeutic strategies aimed at slowing disease progression and improving patient outcomes.