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June 10, 2026International Journal of Molecular SciencesOpen Access

Therapy-Driven Molecular Evolution of Bladder Cancer: Roles of Cellular Plasticity and Tumor Microenvironment

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Authors

SBSeung-Woo BaekSYSeo-Young YoonSKSeon‐Kyu Kim

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Overview

This review highlights how drug resistance emerges in bladder cancer, indicating new therapeutic targets.

Key Points

  • To explore how bladder cancer develops drug resistance through therapy-driven molecular evolution.
  • Reviewed the roles of non-genetic plasticity, metabolic changes, and tumor microenvironment in resistance.
  • Used the Gemcitabine-Resistant Cell model to illustrate responses to therapy.
  • Projected findings onto clinical bladder cancer cohorts to relate laboratory results to patient data.
  • Identified three axes of resistance: non-genetic plasticity, metabolic reorganization, and microenvironment remodeling.
  • Found that early adaptations involved reduced cell-cycle and glycolytic activity, while later changes reinforced resistance.
  • Projected GRC scores indicated evolutionary patterns in patient tumors, supporting targeted strategies early in treatment.

Cite This Study

Baek et al. (2026) studied this question.

synapsesocial.com/papers/6a2900266f82f25be989cd79https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms27125152
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