Real-Time Visualization of Turbulent Micromixing in a T-Mixer: Submillisecond Homogenization Revealed by Chemiluminescence

, indicating that turbulent stretching-dominated homogenization drives such quick micromixing even in the large-diameter T-mixer used in flow chemistry. By experimentally defining mixing time through direct observation of homogenization, without invoking reaction models or assumed micromixing parameters, this work establishes a general framework for designing mixers and reaction lengths for better utilization of short-lived intermediates and high-throughput flow chemistry.