Model for Assessing the Performance of Green Buildings Using a Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) Approach

Buildings are a major contributor to global emissions, with the construction sector accounting for approximately 40% of total energy consumption and nearly 30% of greenhouse gas emissions worldwide. Environmental impacts occur throughout the entire building life cycle, from material production and construction to operation and demolition, highlighting the need for a comprehensive and holistic evaluation approach. This study aims to develop an integrated assessment model for green buildings by incorporating the Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) approach to systematically evaluate and quantify environmental impacts across all life cycle stages. The research adopts a model development framework combined with a case study approach, starting with a theoretical review, followed by primary and secondary data collection, LCA analysis, and the formulation of an LCA-based assessment model. A mixed-methods approach is employed through expert interviews and questionnaire surveys to capture both qualitative and quantitative insights. The results indicate that the developed LCA-based indicators demonstrate high validity and reliability, with strong internal consistency and relatively balanced weights across all building life cycle stages, reflecting environmental impacts in a comprehensive and objective manner. Overall, the assessment matrix and weighting results confirm that the proposed model is both measurable and comprehensive, while remaining applicable within the Indonesian context. The model is specifically designed to accommodate local conditions, including climate characteristics, material availability, and construction practices.