Modeling and Output Optimization of Triboelectric Microphone for Acoustic Energy Harvesting

Acoustic transducers, particularly microphones, serve as the sensory cornerstone for signal acquisition, environmental monitoring, and human–machine interaction. However, conventional microphones typically necessitate external bias voltages or DC power sources, which severely constrains their scalable deployment in large‐scale application scenarios. To overcome this energy bottleneck, an acoustic‐driven triboelectric microphone (T‐phone) is developed based on self‐powered triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG) sensing technology, establishing a foundation for structural and performance breakthroughs in passive microphone devices. A comprehensive multiphysics computational theoretical model has been established to systematically investigate the structural topology, the dynamic vibration modes of the circular diaphragm under different excitation, and the parametric regulation of the electromechanical output. Our simulations reveal that the T‐phone diaphragm exhibits distinct characteristic resonant frequencies, wherein both the mechanical deformation profile and the spatial acoustic pressure distribution are highly frequency‐dependent. Specifically, the dynamic displacement is fundamentally governed by the diaphragm's intrinsic eigenfrequencies, whereas the localized acoustic field evolves as a direct consequence of bidirectional acoustic–structure coupling. Finally, the acoustic‐driven T‐phone was experimentally validated under real‐world acoustic excitation, confirming the device's high‐fidelity response characteristics and simultaneous acoustic energy harvesting capabilities. This work elucidates the fundamental multiphysics coupling mechanisms governing acoustic T‐phone, providing a critical theoretical foundation and a predictive design paradigm for the future engineering and deployment of next‐generation, self‐powered acoustic sensors.