Enhanced Osseointegration of Titanium Implants Using Electrophoretically Deposited Calcium Carbonate/Nano-Hydroxyapatite Composite Coating: An In Vivo Animal Study

Introduction This study investigated the effect of a composite coating composed of calcium carbonate (CaCO 3 ) and nano-hydroxyapatite (nHA) via electrophoretic deposition (EPD) on early-stage osseointegration. Methods: Implants were coated with a 1:1 CaCO 3 /nHA suspension using EPD. A total of 40 coated and uncoated screw implants were placed in rabbit femoral bones and assessed at 2 and 8 weeks postoperatively using the removal torque test. Results: Coated implants exhibited significantly higher removal torque values than uncoated controls (mean value of 7.311 vs. 4.508 N · cm at 2 weeks; 18.320 vs. 11.269 N · cm at 8 weeks, P < 0.001). Conclusion: The application of a CaCO 3 -nHA coating via EPD significantly enhances early bone integration and biomechanical anchorage of titanium implants.