TOE framework: Still a relevant theory for analysing hybrid project management adoption in the age of AI?

This study aimed to analyse key managerial factors, including environmental, technological, and organisational aspects, which influence decision-makers' intentions in FinTech organisations to implement hybrid project management (HPM) methodologies. The study scope focused on online banking systems, financial payment system solutions, and system modernisation projects in the Malaysian FinTech context. The study applied a theoretical approach that integrated Technology-Organisation-Environment (TOE) to investigate the extent to which variation in one variable is associated with variation in another. Furthermore, the Theory of Planned Behaviour (TPB) was also applied in this study to examine the relationship between FinTech decision-makers' intentions to adopt HPM and the factors influencing their decisions, without imposing controls on the dependent variables. The findings revealed that the effect of business partner quality has a positive influence on an individual's attitude towards HPM adoption in FinTech Malaysia when the independent, dependent, and moderating variables are combined. Nevertheless, the findings revealed that, as hypothesised in the direct effect model, observability and organisation readiness have a negative influence on an individual's attitude towards HPM adoption. The authors also integrated attitudes as a mediator variable and perceived behavioural control as a moderator variable into the research framework.