Assessing the Association Between Genetic Variants in ACE, SOD1, and PER3 and their Role in Breast Cancer Risk among Jordanian Women

Background: Genetic and environmental factors regulate many physiological processes in the human body, and alterations in these processes may contribute to the development of various diseases, including breast cancer (BC), which is considered the most prevalent cancer among women and a leading cause of cancer-related mortality in the Jordanian population.Genes such as ACE, SOD1 and PER3 play important roles in regulating essential biological functions.These genes are involved in key physiological pathways, including blood pressure regulation, oxidative stress response and circadian rhythm maintenance, and genetic variants within them may influence susceptibility to cancer.Therefore, this study investigates the association between polymorphisms in the ACE, SOD1 and PER3 genes and the risk of breast cancer, with the aim of evaluating how these genetic variations relate to breast cancer susceptibility and clinical outcomes in Jordanian women.Methods: Blood samples of 300 women diagnosed with breast cancer, along with 300 healthy participants, were collected, and DNA was extracted from them.Genetic variants in the ACE (rs1799752), SOD1 (rs36232792) and PER3 (rs57875989) genes are examined through employing direct PCR to amplify the target regions. Results:The ACE (rs1799752) variant was observed to be associated with breast cancer susceptibility, with the I/I genotype increasing risk of breast cancer (OR = 5.138, 95% CI = 1.38-19.03,p = 0.014).No associations were observed for SOD1 (rs36232792) and PER3 (rs57875989) variants. Conclusion:The rs1799752 polymorphism is suggested to have the potential of serving as a biomarker for breast cancer susceptibility in Jordanian women, as it is associated with elevating the risk.