Design and Statistical Optimization of Herbal Facial Serum for Anti-Aging and Skin Repair Activity

Herbal cosmetics are increasingly preferred due to their safety and therapeutic benefits. Thepresent study aimed to formulate and optimize herbal facial serum for anti-aging and skin repairactivity.Six preliminary formulations (F1–F6) were prepared using red sandalwood, tea tree oil,lavender oil, rose oil, honey, hyaluronic acid, and vitamin E. The formulations were evaluatedfor physicochemical parameters including pH, viscosity, skin irritation, and antimicrobialactivity. A 22 factorial design was used to optimize the formulation by varying honey (X1) andvitamin E (X2).The optimized formulation (R4) exhibited suitable physicochemical propertieswith pH 5.6 and viscosity 34 cP. All formulations were non-irritant and showed antimicrobialactivity against Bacillus subtilis.The developed herbal serum demonstrated promising anti-agingand skin repair potential and may serve as a safe and effective cosmeceutical formulation.