Why the study?
Patients with AF carry an elevated risk for stroke driven by LAA thrombus formation, necessitating accurate identification of those at risk and better understanding of thrombus formation mechanisms.
How do different computational blood flow models affect the predicted risk of thrombus formation in the left atrial appendage of AF patients?
How do different computational blood flow models affect the predicted risk of thrombus formation in the left atrial appendage of AF patients?
Different computational blood flow models yield varying predictions of thrombosis risk in the left atrial appendage, highlighting the importance of model selection in CFD simulations.
Different CFD models yield discrepant LAA thrombus risk predictions in AF; leaves open optimal model selection for clinical translation.
Extant clinical research has underscored that patients suffering from atrial fibrillation (AF) bear an elevated risk for stroke, predominantly driven by the formation of thrombus in the left atrial appendage (LAA). As such, accurately identifying those at an increased risk of thrombosis becomes paramount to facilitate timely and effective treatment. This study was designed to shed light on the mechanisms underlying thrombus formation in the LAA by employing three-dimensional (3D) left atrium (LA) models of AF patients, which were constructed based on Computed Tomography (CT) imaging. The distinct benefits of Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) were leveraged to simulate the blood flow field within the LA, using three distinct blood flow models, both under AF and sinus rhythm (SR) conditions. The potential risk of thrombus formation was evaluated by analyzing the Relative Residence Time (RRT) and Endothelial Cell Activation Potential (ECAP) values. The results gleaned from this study affirm that all three blood flow models align with extant clinical guidelines, thereby enabling an effective prediction of thrombosis risk. However, noteworthy differences emerged when comparing the intricacies of the flow field and thrombosis risk across the three models. The single-phase non-Newtonian blood flow model resulted in comparatively lower residence times for blood within the LA and lower values for the Oscillatory Shear Index (OSI), RRT, and ECAP within the LAA. These findings suggest a reduced thrombosis risk. Conversely, the two-phase non-Newtonian blood flow model exhibited a higher residence time for blood and elevated RRT value within the LAA, suggesting an increased risk for thrombosis.
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Yang et al. (2023) studied this question.
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