A Parametric Model of the Mitral Valve for Finite Element Patient-Specific Simulations

Figure 1. Parameters used to construct the geometry of the mitral valve annulus. (a) Anteroposterior (AP) and intercommissural (IC) distance measurements of the annulus from a surgeon’s view ultrasound image. (b) Anterior saddle height (ASH) and posterior saddle height (PSH) measurements (in red) of the annulus from an ultrasound image. The white line indicates the valvular plane.

Figure 2. Parameters used to construct the geometry of the mitral valve leaflets, shown in an ultrasound image. LA: Left atrium. LV: Left ventricle. (a) Anterior leaflet (AL) and posterior leaflet (PL) length measurements. (b) Commissural length (CL) measurement.

Figure 3. Parameters used in the annulus construction. (a) Surgeon’s view of the annulus with AP and IC parameters. (b) Three dimensional shape of the annulus with ASH and PSH parameters.

Figure 4. Parameters used in the full valve model. (a) Side view of the valve model with AL, PL, CL, ASH, and PSH parameters. (b) Isometric view of the model with AP and IC parameters.

Figure 5. Function describing ventricular pressure during systole, defined as f(t).

Figure 6. Anterolateral edges where displacement is applied to prevent rippling and ensure good contact.

Figure 7. Comparison of the geometry at t0=0 s with the ultrasound images. (a) Annulus geometry compared with a surgeon’s view ultrasound image. (b) Leaflet shape and annulus distance geometry compared with an ultrasound image.

Figure 8. Comparison of the leaflet shape and annulus distance geometry with the ultrasound images at two points during closing. (a) At t0.45=0.09 s. (b) At t0.5=0.1 s.

Figure 9. Comparison of the geometry at t0.45=0.2 s, when the valve is fully closed.

Figure 10. Input fields in the current app, where the geometry can instantly be changed and adapted.