Edwardsiella tarda infections in humans: a systematic review of reported cases and clinical outcomes

BACKGROUND: Edwardsiella tarda, a rare human pathogen in the Enterobacteriaceae family, primarily inhabits aquatic environments and infects various animals. Human infections are uncommon but can lead to severe clinical outcomes. This systematic review aims to consolidate and analyze reported human cases of E. tarda infection. METHODS: A comprehensive search was conducted across PubMed, Scopus, Embase, and Web of Science databases for studies published between January 2000 and October 2025. RESULTS: After applying exclusion criteria, 59 unique case reports were included. Cases spanned both genders, predominantly affecting older adults, with Japan reporting the highest number. A history of seafood consumption or contact with aquatic animals was common. Clinical presentations varied, though fever and abdominal pain were most frequent. Laboratory findings typically revealed elevated C-reactive protein and leukocytosis. Treatment regimens included antibiotics such as meropenem, ceftriaxone, ampicillin, metronidazole, and levofloxacin, the most frequently used. CONCLUSIONS: Despite its rarity, E. tarda can cause life-threatening infections. Awareness among clinicians regarding risk factors, diagnostic methods-particularly culture-based identification-and timely antibiotic therapy is crucial for improved outcomes. CLINICAL TRIAL NUMBER: Not applicable.