Correlation Between Fasting Blood Glucose and Serum Lipid Profile and Lipid Ratios in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in Southern Thailand: A Cross-Sectional Study

Background/Objectives: This analysis aims to examine the correlations involving glucose levels, serum lipid parameters, and lipid ratios in adults diagnosed with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in Southern Thailand. Methods: A cross-sectional investigation included 360 individuals diagnosed with T2DM. Associations among fasting blood glucose (FBG), HbA1c, lipid variables, TG/HDL, TyG, and TyG-BMI were assessed using Spearman correlation analysis. Linear and logistic regression models were applied to identify factors related to TG/HDL and elevated TG/HDL (≥3.5). Receiver operating characteristic analysis evaluated marker performance for poor glycemic control. Results: HbA1c showed more consistent associations with atherogenic lipid indices than FBG. TyG demonstrated the strongest association with glycemic status and the highest discriminatory performance for HbA1c ≥ 7%. In adjusted analyses, HbA1c and BMI remained independently associated with higher TG/HDL and increased odds of TG/HDL. Conclusions: HbA1c was more strongly associated with atherogenic lipid abnormalities than FBG. Among the evaluated lipid-related indices, TG/HDL and TyG showed the closest relationships with glycemic status, while TyG demonstrated the highest ability to discriminate poor glycemic control.