The Role of BMAL1 in Regulating Circadian Rhythms During Airway Remodeling in Asthma

Asthma is a chronic respiratory disease characterized by airway inflammation, hyperresponsiveness, and remodeling. The circadian clock governs natural 24 h biological rhythms, encompassing physiological, metabolic, and hormonal fluctuations. It regulates key physiological processes like sleep, activity, and feeding, playing a crucial role in maintaining normal respiratory function. However, the mechanisms underlying asthma airway remodeling and its relationship with circadian clock genes remain incompletely understood. Brain and muscle arnt-like 1 (BMAL1), a core circadian clock gene, plays a significant role in the proliferation and differentiation of airway stem cells. This review summarizes recent advances in clinically relevant asthma research, including the role of airway remodeling in disease progression. It then focuses on unresolved scientific questions regarding the function of the BMAL1 gene in asthma pathogenesis, aiming to contribute to the future development of metabolic rhythm-based strategies as novel targets for asthma diagnosis and treatment.