Conceptualizing Sustainable Food Consumption: An analysis of 84 definitions

Sustainable Food Consumption (SFC) has become increasingly central to the sustainability and circular economy discourse, yet the absence of a universally accepted definition complicates effective interdisciplinary measurement and policy formulation. This study presents the first comprehensive conceptual analysis of 84 definitions of SFC and neighboring constructs drawn from both academic and grey literature published between 2006 and April 2025. Using thematic analysis and a structured coding framework of 25 dimensions grouped into six thematic clusters, namely Substantive Focus, Levels of Application, Systemic Framing, Actors Involved, Behavioral Mechanisms, and Meta-Labeling, we map the conceptual terrain of SFC. The analysis unveils recurring emphasis on dimensions such as environmental sustainability, health, and nutrition, while also identifying patterns of selective emphasis related to systemic interdependencies, governance structures, and behavioral pathways. We identify five definitional archetypes that clarify the diversity of conceptual orientations and highlight distinct ways in which sustainable food consumption is framed in different institutional contexts. To advance conceptual transparency and coherence, a new, integrative SFC definition is developed that addresses underrepresented yet critical dimensions and supports context-specific operationalization. This paper provides conceptual grounding and a structured typology to support interdisciplinary research, inform effective policymaking, and guide targeted interventions aligned with circular economy and global sustainability goals.