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June 13, 2026PNAS NexusOpen Access

Large language models instantiate evolutionarily robust strategies of cooperation

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Authors

SPSaptarshi PalAMAbhishek MallelaLPLenz Pracher

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Overview

Randomized trial explores cooperation strategies in large language models, indicating evolutionary robustness.

Key Points

  • This study aims to evaluate how large language models develop strategies in cooperative situations, particularly in a repeated prisoner's dilemma context.
  • Test five leading large language models on cooperation propensity in a neutral setting.
  • Vary game parameters like stopping probability and payoff values while measuring strategic adaptations.
  • Conduct tournaments between model strategies and direct interactions over multiple game rounds.
  • All large language models perform well in certain tasks but show inconsistency across all scenarios.
  • Models adapt strategies in line with theoretical predictions of evolutionary game theory.
  • No model exhibits full consistency in cooperation strategies across varied conditions.

Cite This Study

Pal et al. (2026) studied this question.

synapsesocial.com/papers/6a2cf701faef96ed7f058a48https://doi.org/10.1093/pnasnexus/pgag210
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