Modern Diagnostics and Targeted Treatment of Eustachian Tube Dysfunction

Eustachian tube dysfunction(ETD)represents a common yet heterogeneous clinical entity with significant impact on middle ear ventilation, hearing, and quality of life.Differentiation between obstructive, functional, and patulous forms of ETD remains essential for appropriate treatment selection but continues to pose diagnostic challenges in daily clinical practice.Recent advances in ETD diagnostics have shifted the focus from symptom-based assessment toward a multimodal evaluation combining patient-reported outcome measures, tympanometry, tubomanometry, endoscopic assessment of the nasopharyngeal Eustachian tube, and dynamic functional testing.These approaches allow a more precise phenotyping of ETD and improved prediction of therapeutic outcomes.