Therapeutic Potential of Berberis vulgaris in Modulating Metabolic Syndrome Biomarkers: Mechanistic Insights and Functional Food Implications

Barberry ( Berberis vulgaris ) has emerged as a promising functional food candidate for the management of metabolic syndrome due to its diverse bioactive constituents, particularly berberine. This review synthesizes current experimental and clinical evidence regarding its effects on glycemic control, lipid metabolism, blood pressure regulation, and obesity‐related parameters. Mechanistic insights indicate that barberry improves insulin sensitivity, enhances glucose uptake, suppresses hepatic gluconeogenesis, modulates lipid metabolism, and exerts antioxidant and anti‐inflammatory effects. Clinical findings suggest potential benefits in lowering fasting blood glucose, triglycerides, low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol, blood pressure, and central adiposity. In addition, synergistic interactions among alkaloids, flavonoids, and carotenoids may contribute to its multifunctional therapeutic profile. Despite these promising outcomes, evidence remains heterogeneous, and rigorously designed, large‐scale randomized controlled trials are required to establish standardized dosing regimens, confirm long‐term safety, and support evidence‐based clinical integration.