Randomized trial computes gravitational wave echo time in black stars, suggesting implications for future observatories.
First explicit computation of the gravitational wave echo time t_echo(M) for CCEGA black stars using a modified TOV integrator with exponential gravitational coupling G_eff(rho) = G_N exp(-rho/rho_c), rho_c = 7.4 rho_nuc. Echo time ranges from ~5 to 18 ms for M in [4.5, 10] M_sun, with t_echo ~ 14 ms at M ~ 9-10 M_sun, consistent with P49. Scaling t_echo proportional to M^alpha with alpha ~ 1.2-1.5 distinguishes CCEGA from pure Schwarzschild (alpha=1). Falsifiable with Einstein Telescope (~2035). EOS: polytropic Gamma=3 approximation; full APR4 deferred.
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Marc López Sánchez (2026) studied this question.
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