The Impact of Genetic Variants of Angiotensin-converting enzymes (ACE1, ACE2) On the Severity of COVID-19 Disease

Objective: This study aimed to explore whether there is a potential link between ACE1 I/D and ACE2 rs2285666 polymorphisms and COVID-19 severity. Methods: A prospective observational study was conducted involving 200 patients who were diagnosed with COVID-19 through polymerase chain reaction testing. Demographic and clinical data were collected, and genetic analyses of ACE1 I/D and ACE2 rs2285666 genes were carried out using next-generation sequencing. Patients were classified into three groups based on disease severity: mild, moderate, and severe. Results: The average age of participants was 52 (±27) years, with 116 (58%) being male. Among them, 120 (60%) had at least one chronic illness, and one-fourth were smokers. Fifty-two (26%) patients with severe symptoms required intensive care, and 19 (9.5%) of these individuals unfortunately passed away. Meanwhile, the remaining 74% with mild or moderate symptoms were discharged after recovering. No statistically significant association was found between ACE1 I/D and ACE2 rs2285666 polymorphisms and COVID-19 severity or mortality. Conclusion: The results indicate that ACE1 I/D and ACE2 rs2285666 polymorphisms do not significantly impact the severity of COVID-19. Further studies including diverse ethnic groups and examining other polymorphisms are needed to provide a more comprehensive understanding of these genetic influences.