Association of ACE1 I/D rs1799752 and ACE2 rs2285666 polymorphisms with the infection and severity of COVID‐19: A meta‐analysis

Md. Abdul Aziz; Mohammad Safiqul Islam

doi:10.1002/mgg3.2063

September 23, 2022Molecular Genetics & Genomic MedicineOpen Access

Association of ACE1 I/D rs1799752 and ACE2 rs2285666 polymorphisms with the infection and severity of COVID‐19: A meta‐analysis

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Why the study?

Previous studies evaluating whether ACE1 I/D rs1799752 and ACE2 rs2285666 genetic polymorphisms alter clinical outcomes of SARS-CoV-2 remained inconclusive.

Are ACE1 I/D rs1799752 and ACE2 rs2285666 genetic polymorphisms associated with increased severity of COVID-19?

Structured PICO

Are ACE1 I/D rs1799752 and ACE2 rs2285666 genetic polymorphisms associated with increased severity of COVID-19?

P

Population

11 studies pooling 2,523 patients with COVID-19 infection (950 severe cases and 1,573 non-severe cases)

I

Intervention

ACE1 I/D rs1799752 and ACE2 rs2285666 genetic polymorphisms

C

Comparator

Alternative genotypes/alleles

O

Outcome

Severity of SARS-CoV-2 infection

ACE1 I/D rs1799752 and ACE2 rs2285666 variants may be associated with enhanced severity in SARS-CoV-2 infected patients.

Implication

ACE1/ACE2 variants may heighten COVID-19 severity risk; leaves open clinical utility pending prospective validation.

Abstract

BACKGROUND: ACE1 I/D rs1799752 and ACE2 rs2285666 genetic polymorphisms could play a critical role in altering the clinical outcomes of SARS-CoV-2. The findings of previous studies remained inconclusive. This meta-analysis was performed to evaluate the association and provide a more reliable outcome. METHODS: This study was completed following the updated recommendations of PRISMA using RevMan 5.4.1 statistical software. RESULTS: A total of 11 studies with 950 severe cases and 1573 non-severe cases with COVID-19 infection were included. Pooled analysis showed that ACE1 I/D polymorphism was correlated with the severity of SARS-CoV-2 in the DD genotype and D allele for the fixed-effects model (OR:1.27 and OR:1.17). Besides, codominant 3, recessive, and allele models were associated with the severity of the fixed-effects model (OR:1.35, OR:1.37, and OR:1.20) in Caucasian ethnicity. ACE2 rs2285666 was linked with the severity in codominant 3 (OR:2.63, for both random- and fixed effects-models), overdominant (OR:1.97, for random-effects model and OR:1.97, for fixed effects-model), and recessive model (OR:0.41 for fixed- and random-effects model). Allele model of rs2285666 showed a significant association in the fixed-effects model (OR:1.61). CONCLUSION: Our present meta-analysis suggests that ACE1 I/D rs1799752 and ACE2 rs2285666 variants may enhance the severity in SARS-CoV-2 infected patients. Future studies are warranted to verify our findings.