A review on the lithium-ion battery problems used in electric vehicles

The reliability and efficiency of the energy storage system used in electric vehicles (EVs) is very important for consumers. The use of lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) with high energy density is preferred in EVs. However, the long range user needs and security issues such as fire and explosion in LIB limit the widespread use of these batteries. This review discusses the working principle, performance and failures of LIB. It provides an overview of LIB with particular emphasis on the factors that affect their performance and the factors that cause failures. Finally, potential batteries to replace lithium batteries in EVs are evaluated. In addition, the challenges of these future batteries are discussed. In this paper, we review studies in the field of batteries used in EVs, general problems and future battery technologies. Methods related to such topics are compared in terms of their advantages, disadvantages and qualitative factors. The authors believe that EVs will be the transportation vehicle of the future such that battery systems should be developed and academic studies should be carried out. The authors think this study will contribute to the EV and will provide a perspective to designers, researchers, manufacturers and companies working in the field of batteries.