Unveiling the institutional enablers of global electric bus adoption

This study explores the institutional factors influencing electric bus adoption across 23 countries from 2010 to 2023. Utilizing a newly developed panel dataset, the research integrates and analyses data to identify key trends. Principal Component Analysis is applied to construct indices based on Scott’s institutional pillars, including Regulative, Technological Normative, Social Normative, Business Normative, and Cultural-Cognitive. Estimations are conducted using static econometric models, including fixed effects, random effects, and pooled Ordinary Least Squares, with robustness checks through specification tests and heterogeneity analysis, categorizing countries by median carbon emissions. Findings indicate that Technological, Social, and Business Normative factors significantly enhance electric bus production and sales, while Regulative factors negatively impact adoption, emphasizing the need for targeted electric bus policies. Cultural-Cognitive influences, though significant, present mixed effects, highlighting the need for further variable-specific investigation. This study offers valuable insights for policymakers and stakeholders, supporting the transition toward sustainable urban transportation.