Displacement Response Experimental Study on the Sliding Effect of a Full-Scale Palletized Bagged-Grain Steel Rack System for Resilient Grain Warehousing

Grain warehousing facilities are critical emergency supply infrastructure in earthquake-prone regions. To investigate the sliding behavior of a palletized bagged-grain steel rack system and its influence on warehousing functionality, a shaking table test was conducted on a two-story full-scale single-bay steel rack. The effects of stacking layers, loading patterns, and pallet restraint conditions were considered, and the response was evaluated using the relative displacement between bagged grain and pallet together with residual displacement. The results show that both peak and residual relative displacements generally increase with seismic intensity and stacking height. In the FE cases, the four-layer condition showed much larger displacement accumulation than the three-layer condition. At 0.4g, the residual relative displacement reached 40.69 mm in the unfixed 4-FE case and 29.51 mm in the fixed 44-FE case, indicating a higher risk of post-earthquake misalignment at upper storage positions. The findings provide an experimental basis for displacement control, anti-slip design, and post-earthquake functional recovery of grain warehousing facilities.