Chemical Constituents of the Deep‐Sea‐Derived Penicillium roseopurpureum and Their Anti‐Inflammatory Activity

Marine natural products are well‐recognized as potential resources to fill the pipeline of drug leads to enter the pharmaceutical industry. In the present study, one new γ ‐butyrolactone derivative ( 1 ), together with 20 known compounds ( 2–21 ), were isolated from an Penicillium roseopurpureum , isolated from sediments collected from the Atlantic. Compounds 2 and 3 were registered in SciFinder under CAS registry numbers 1823883‐92‐6 and 2386376‐03‐8, respectively. However, no characterization data, spectral information, or references are available for either compound. Their structures were determined by detailed analysis of the 1D and 2D NMR, HRESIMS, and NMR calculations with DP4+ probability analysis, as well as ORD calculations. The anti‐neuroinflammatory effects of all isolates were assessed in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)‐stimulated BV‐2 microglial model. Remarkably, compound 13 exhibited notable anti‐neuroinflammatory activity with IC 50 values of 6.72 µM.