Human-Centric Artificial Intelligence Pedagogy (HCAP) framework developed from TPACK through integration of artificial intelligence literacy and competency

The rise of artificial intelligence (AI) in education, particularly generative AI, challenges the sufficiency of the established Technological Pedagogical Content Knowledge (TPACK) framework. AI’s agentic autonomy, epistemic complexities, and ethical dimensions necessitate an evolved model. This study investigates the newly proposed Intelligent-TPACK (I-TPACK) framework, designed to address these gaps by integrating five knowledge domains: AI-Technological, AI-Content, AI-Pedagogical, Human-AI Collaborative, and Ethical Knowledge. The research goal was to define the specific knowledge and skills required within these I-TPACK domains from a teacher's perspective. Utilizing a three-round Delphi method, a panel of 30 teachers from diverse subjects developed a consensus list of essential competencies. The findings identified and refined 25 critical knowledge items, providing a foundational and empirically grounded model for the I-TPACK framework. These findings offer a concrete roadmap for teacher education, translating a theoretical model into actionable competencies. This study equips educators to transition from merely using AI to strategically orchestrating human-AI collaborative learning, ensuring they can harness AI's potential ethically, critically, and productively. The I-TPACK and its suggested knowledge serve as a vital tool for developing future-ready teacher training programs and professional development.