A systematic review of interactive tools and methodologies for enhancing database normalization learning and teaching

Normalization of databases is key to maintaining data integrity and reducing redundancy. However, students and novice designers often have trouble under- standing its abstract and procedural concepts. A few Interactive tools and methodologies have been developed to bridge these learning gaps, but they still face some limitations. This review systematically examines interactive tools developed to support database normalization teaching and learning. This review evaluates existing tools, identifies gaps, and proposes improvements. This study contributes to improving database education and guides the design of more comprehensive and effective normalization tools, in keeping with modern educational needs.