Simplification of environmental impact assessment in Pakistan: progress, challenges, and the way forward

Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) in Pakistan is often criticized for hindering development due to procedural delays, which highlights the need to simplify EIA, as has been pursued in many other countries. This study aimed to identify the simplification initiatives undertaken by the Environmental Protection Agencies (EPAs) in Pakistan, examine the challenges encountered, and propose recommendations for the future. Structured interviews were conducted with officials across all EPAs. Findings reveal that some key initiatives have been undertaken by EPAs such as reduction in processing times, delegation of approval powers to lower-tier governments, exemption of selected project categories, and establishment of one-window facilitation cells. Respondents stressed the need for digitization and capacity building of EPAs to enhance efficiency, transparency, and accountability. They also highlighted the need to reduce bureaucratic and political interference, enabling EPAs to implement reforms effectively. The study concludes that without adequate human resources, technical expertise, and institutional stability, simplification efforts are unlikely to achieve sustainable outcomes. Also, Pakistan needs more of streamlining the system rather than simplifying procedural requirements like a lot of other countries. The findings offer valuable lessons for Pakistan and other developing countries seeking to streamline EIA processes without undermining environmental protection.