A spatiotemporal analysis of MODIS-land surface temperatures study for Karnataka state, India

BACKGROUND: Land surface temperature (LST) is a key indicator of climate change and influences environmental processes such as water resources, agriculture, and ecosystem stability. Rising LST has significant implications for human health and environmental sustainability. AIMS AND OBJECTIVES: This study aims to analyze the spatiotemporal variations of MODIS-derived LST over Karnataka State, India, from 2001 to 2023. MATERIALS AND METHODS: MODIS LST data (MOD11A1) were collected and processed using Google Earth Engine. The LST values were converted from Kelvin to Celsius, and spatial as well as temporal analyses were performed. The results were further visualized using ArcGIS and Excel to generate maps and time-series graphs. RESULTS: The results indicate notable spatial and temporal variations in LST across Karnataka. Northern and central regions show higher variability due to urbanization and land use changes, while the Western Ghats remain relatively cooler and stable due to dense vegetation and elevation. The analysis also reveals alternating periods of warming and cooling over the study period. CONCLUSION: The study highlights the critical role of vegetation and land use in regulating surface temperature. Continuous monitoring of LST is essential for understanding climate change impacts and for developing sustainable land management strategies in Karnataka.