Predictive Effect of Interleukin-1β on All-Cause Mortality in Patients with Acute Myocardial Infarction

Objective To evaluate the predictive effect of interleukin-1β (IL-1β) on all-cause mortality in patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI). Methods A total of 331 patients admitted to the Chest Pain Center of Mindong Hospital Affiliated to Fujian Medical University for AMI from September 2022 to October 2024 were analyzed retrospectively. The patients were classified into 4 groups according to the quartile of the serum IL-1β. Cox regression analysis, Kaplan-Meier method, restricted cubic spline (RCS) analysis, and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis were used to examine the correlation between IL-1β and the risk of all-cause mortality. Results After a median follow-up of 13 months, 24 (7.3%) individuals experienced all-cause mortality. There were 3 (3.7%), 2 (2.4%), 3 (3.6%), and 16 (19.5%) deaths in the first, second, third, and fourth quartile group, respectively. Kaplan-Meier analysis showed that compared with the first, second, and third quartile groups, the number of all-cause mortality in the fourth quartile group increased (log-rank test P = .003). Multivariate Cox regression analysis showed that after the adjusted for other factors, compared to the patients in the first quartile group, the patients in the fourth quartile group were at the highest risk of all-cause mortality (Hazard Ratio = 5.82; 95% CI, 1.45-23.30; P = .013). Restricted cubic spline analysis showed that IL-1β was linearly associated with all-course mortality risk (Poverall＜0.001, Pnonlinear = 0.421). Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis demonstrated that the area under the curve of IL-1β for prediction of all-cause mortality was 0.774 (95% CI, 0.626-0.881), with a sensitivity of 63.6% and a specificity of 91.2%. Conclusions Interleukin-1β is significantly associated with an increased risk of all-cause mortality in patients with AMI. IL-1β can predict the risk of all-cause mortality in patients with AMI.