Influence of perceptual and conceptual stimuli on non-conscious and conscious fear generalization: A behavioral and event-related potential study

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Key Points

This study aims to investigate how perceptual and conceptual fear cues are processed under conscious and non-conscious states.
Employed a 2x2x2 design with awareness levels (conscious, non-conscious), perceptual cues (P+, P-), and conceptual cues (C+, C-).
Utilized fear conditioning paradigms combined with masking techniques.
Recorded neural activity using event-related potentials (ERP).
Conscious awareness condition yielded higher electric shock expectation ratings than non-conscious condition.
Under non-conscious condition, a more negative frontal N1 amplitude was observed, indicating early attention vigilance.
In the conscious condition, C- induced a larger negative wave on the N400 component, suggesting ongoing vigilance amidst uncertainty.

Behavioral and event-related potential study demonstrates how fear cues are processed differently under awareness.

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Zhou et al. (2026) studied this question.

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