Location selection of emergency support and logistics centers under complex urban infrastructure disruptions

Complex urban infrastructure disruptions can affect transportation, communication, and logistics systems simultaneously, forcing emergency operations to address both disaster relief and infrastructure restoration. This study proposes a multi-criteria decision framework under uncertainty to select Emergency Support and Logistics Center (ESLC) locations. The problem is modeled using five main criteria and 29 sub criteria covering demand and service level, logistics infrastructure and accessibility, cost and economy, risk and resilience, and governance and social factors. Criteria weights are obtained via the Best Worst Method (BWM), and candidate sites are ranked using Pythagorean Fuzzy Combinative Distance based Assessment (PF-CODAS), which evaluates alternatives through Pythagorean fuzzy (PF) membership and non-membership degrees and their distances from the Negative Ideal Solution (NIS). Results support a continuity-driven siting logic where Logistics “Infrastructure & Accessibility” is the dominant criterion and “Risk & Resilience” ranks second, reflecting the importance of network capability and hazard avoidance. The ranking identifies Hasdal (A3) as the best option (27.8005), followed by Hadımköy (A2) (10.1584) and Kurtköy (A5) (−2.2606). The proposed framework offers a transparent and reusable decision aid for ESLC planning in cities exposed to integrated infrastructure threats.