A structured evaluation model for determining high-capacity transport terminal locations in post-disaster contexts

The increasing frequency and severity of natural disasters underscore the critical need for resilient and adaptable high-capacity transport terminal (HCTT) infrastructure. This study proposes a novel hybrid Multi-Criteria Decision-Making (MCDM) approach to support strategic HCTT site selection in Türkiye, incorporating post-disaster considerations. The methodology integrates Spherical Fuzzy Step-wise Weight Assessment Ratio Analysis (SF-SWARA) to determine the weights of 24 evaluation criteria and employs the Spherical Fuzzy Weighted Sum Product (SF-WISP) to rank seven alternative metropolitan sites. Criteria were identified through expert consultation and literature review, covering environmental, economic, social, accessibility, infrastructure and safety dimensions. The study addresses a notable research gap by introducing the SF-WISP and applying it within a spherical fuzzy context. The results demonstrated strong consistency across scenarios, reinforcing the model’s stability and practical applicability. This research offers a comprehensive and adaptable framework for post-disaster infrastructure planning, providing valuable insights for policymakers, urban planners and emergency response strategists.