Phytopharmacological Insights into Eryngium foetidum L.: Unveiling itsEthnomedicinal Significance and Pharmacological Potential

Introduction: Eryngium foetidum L. (Apiaceae), commonly known as long coriander or culantro, is an aromatic medicinal herb extensively used in traditional healthcare systems across tropical and subtropical regions. The present review aims to critically consolidate ethnomedicinal knowledge and contemporary pharmacological evidence to elucidate its bioactive potential. Methods: A comprehensive literature survey was conducted using major scientific databases, including PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Google Scholar. Peer-reviewed articles, ethnobotanical surveys, and experimental studies published in English were systematically screened and analyzed to evaluate traditional uses, phytochemical constituents, and pharmacological activities of Eryngium foetidum Results: Ethnomedicinally, Eryngium foetidum has been employed for the management of gastrointestinal disorders, inflammation, infections, fever, pain, and metabolic ailments. Phytochemical investigations revealed the presence of bioactive compounds such as phenolics, flavonoids, alkaloids, essential oils, and sterols. Pharmacological studies demonstrated a broad spectrum of activities, including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, antidiabetic, hepatoprotective, analgesic, and neuroprotective effects, largely supporting its traditional applications. Discussion: The convergence of ethnomedicinal claims with experimental evidence underscores the therapeutic promise of Eryngium foetidum. However, significant gaps persist regarding standardization, mechanistic pathways, toxicological profiling, and clinical validation, limiting its translational potential. Conclusion: Eryngium foetidum L. emerges as a valuable medicinal plant with substantiated ethnopharmacological relevance and diverse pharmacological activities. Future research focusing on bioactive compound isolation, molecular mechanisms, and well-designed clinical studies is essential to facilitate its integration into evidence-based phototherapeutics.